Thinkpad@图书馆

图书馆书目数据：读者和编目员的视角

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OCLC 2009年年度报告《联机编目：用户和馆员需要什么样的数据（PDF下载）》做了一个非常有意义的调研：从读者和编目员的视角看，到底图书馆需要什么样的数据。调查结果发现：读者和编目员对所需数据各有各的看法，图书馆总以为自己能代表读者的做法再次被证明并不正确。OCLC采用的调查方法：一是焦点小组（focus group），以座谈的形式进行；二是弹出式问卷调查。 终端用户要什么样的数据？ 调查的结果表明，终端用户希望：

• 直接连到在线内容——text文本和其他媒体格式
• 有可参考的内容，如摘要、简介、目次等
• 检索结果要相关
• 可否获取——是否可获得，如何获得
• 简单的关键词检索+高级、有向导的检索

针对终端用户调查的关键发现：

• 读者获取所需内容和其经历有关。恰当的、正确的和可靠的数据元素支持其从发现到获取。（The end user’s experience of the delivery of wanted items is as important, if not more important, than his or her discovery experience. Appropriate, accurate and reliable data elements supporting the transitional experience from discovery through delivery are critical.）
• 与发现相关的信息元素，除了作者和题名，如摘要、简介、目次，对于读者从发现到获取，都是必不可少的方面。（Discovery-related information elements beyond author and title, such as summaries, excerpts and tables of contents, are essential aspects connecting the stages of an end user’s discovery-to-delivery experience.）
• 检索结果必须相关，且相关要明显。（Search results must be relevant and the relevance must be obvious.）
• 关键词检索是非常重要的，但是高级检索选项和分面可以帮助终端用户检索、导航、浏览和管理检索结果集（Keyword searching is king, but an advanced search option (supporting fi elded searching) and facets help end users refine searches, navigate, browse and manage large results sets.）

图书馆员需要什么样的数据？

• 记录查重合并
• 拼写错误修正
• 短记录更新
• 可参考的内容，如目次、摘要、封面

针对图书馆员调查的关键发现：

• 编目员和图书馆员和读者一样，都是有目的来处理目录和目录数据的。读者通常想找到并获得所需信息（Librarians and library staff, like end users, approach catalogs and catalog data purposefully. End users generally want to fi nd and obtain needed information; librarians and library staff generally have work responsibilities to carry out using catalog data. The data quality preferences of librarians and staff are driven primarily by their work assignments.）
• 重复记录会阻碍编目员的工作（Duplicate records (multiple records for the same edition or manifestation) impede  the work of librarians and staff.）
• 关注丰富在记录中新增图书目录（Librarians and staff place priority on enriching catalog records with tables of  contents data.）
• 除了关注合并查重记录和图书目录，图书馆工作人员的角色、工作领域不同，关注内容不同（Except for the priorities to merge duplicate records and add tables of contents, significant differences exist in the data quality priorities of librarians by work role, type of library and region.）

图书馆员和终端用户都关注的问题：

• • 读者和图书馆员都优先关注如何直接、快速获得可打印或可获得的资源上（Both end users and librarians place a high priority on delivery-related data elements for printed or other analog materials—that is, knowing where the items are held and which are available immediately.）
• • 读者，不是图书馆员，优先关注增加更多链接到在线内容；图书馆员更关注记录合并查重（End users, but not librarians, give the highest priority to enhancing the catalog with more links to online content. Librarians give the highest priority to merging duplicate records.）
• • 编目员和图书馆员关注对已知数据的查询，如通过ISBN号进行查询。（Catalog data elements selected by librarians and library staff as essential tend to relate to known item searching. The presence of an ISBN, for example, is a high priority for librarians’ identifi cation of needed items.）
• • 读者对数据元素的选择是希望能进一步辅助发现和选择他们想要的内容。（End users’ choices of data elements that are essential for identifying wanted items suggest they value and expect evaluative information (such as summaries) to assist their discovery and choice of wanted items.）
• • 对编目中新增目录和摘要，对读者和图书馆员而言是一致的。（The enhancement of catalogs with tables of contents and summaries is equally important to end users and librarians.）
• • 除了目录和摘要，读者和图书馆员对数据质量的要求有差别（Except for tables of contents and summaries, the catalog data quality requirements of end users and librarians tend to be different.）
• • 图书馆员对数据质量的改进反映了他们对编目中数据结构和准确性的理解（Librarians’ choice of data quality enhancements refl ects their understanding  of the importance of accurate, structured data in the catalog.）

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